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Ко́пцкая мо́ва — мова коптаў, апошняя прадстаўніца егіпецкай сям'і, якая ўваходзіць у афразійскую макрасям'ю. З'яўляецца апошняй прыступкай развіцця старажытнаегіпецкай мовы, якая ахоплівае прыкладна дзве тысячы гадоў. Выкарыстоўвае уласны алфавіт на аснове грэчаскай сістэмы пісьма. Адну з першых граматык копцкай мовы склаў нямецкі вучоны-езуіт А. Кірхер («Prodromus copticus», 1636).
| Копцкая мова | |
|---|---|
| Саманазва | Ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙ̀ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ /met-remenkʰīmi/ |
| Краіны | Рымскі, і Арабскі Егіпет |
| Арганізацыя, якая рэгулюе | Institute of Coptology[d] |
| Агульная колькасць носьбітаў |
|
| Статус | мёртвая, у нашы дні як |
| Вымерла | XVII ст., у копцкай царквы выкарыстоўваецца па нашы дні |
| Класіфікацыя | |
| Катэгорыя | |
| |
| Пісьменнасць | копцкі алфавіт |
| Моўныя коды | |
| (ДАСТ 7.75–97) | коп 328 |
| (ISO 639-1) | — |
| (ISO 639-2) | cop |
| (ISO 639-3) | cop |
| cop | |
| 8 | |
| Ethnologue | cop |
| Linguasphere | 11-A |
| IETF | cop |
| Glottolog | copt1239 |
 | |
Гісторыя
Склалася на аснове дэматычнай егіпецкай ў I—II стст. н. э., да 5 ст. суіснавала з апошняй. Запісвалася спачатку дэматычным і грэчаскім пісьмом, на іх аснове к пач. IV ст. склалася копцкая пісьменнасць.
Як пісьмовая мова суіснавала спачатку з грэчаскай, а з VII ст. — з арабскай мовай да XIV ст. Час канчатковага знікнення ў якасці першай мовы невядомы, магчыма, у некаторых сем'ях захоўваецца і зараз.
Выкарыстоўваецца як культавая мова ў копцкім абрадзе. Акрамя таго, з канца XX стагоддзя назіраецца некаторая цікавасць у адраджэнні копцкай мовы як гутарковай сярод копцкіх актывістаў.
Літаратура
- БЭ ў 18 тамах. Т.8, Мн., 1999, С.414-415
- Emmel, Stephen. 1992. «Languages (Coptic)». In The Anchor Bible Dictionary, edited by David Noel Freedman. Vol. 4 of 6 vols. New York: Doubleday. 180—188.
- Gessman, A. M. (1976). "The Birth of the Coptic Script". University of South Florida Language Quarterly 14. 2–3.
- Gignac, Francis Thomas. 1991. «Old Coptic». In The Coptic Encyclopedia, edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya. Vol. 8 of 8 vols. New York and Toronto: Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada. 169—188.
- Kasser, Radolphe. 1991. «Dialects». In , edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya. Vol. 8 of 8 vols. New York and Toronto: Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada. 87—96.
- Loprieno, Antonio. 1995. Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Polotsky, Hans Jakob. 1971. «Coptic». In Afroasiatic: A Survey, edited by Carleton Taylor Hodge. (Jana Linguarum: Series Practica; 163). 's Gravenhage and Paris: Mouton. 67—79.
Граматыкі
- Chaîne, Marius. 1933. Éléments de grammaire dialectale copte: bohairique, sahidique, achmimique, fayoumique. Paris: Paul Geuthner.
- Eberle, Andrea, & Regine Schulz. 2004. Koptisch — Ein Leitfaden durch das Saïdische. LINCOM Languages of the World/Materials 07. Munich: LINCOM Europa.
- Lambdin, Thomas Oden. 1983. Introduction to Sahidic Coptic. Macon: Mercer University Press.
- Layton, Bentley. 2000. A Coptic Grammar (Sahidic Dialect): With a Chrestomathy and Glossary. (Porta linguarum orientalium; N.S., 20). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
- Mallon, Alexis. 1956. Grammaire copte: bibliographie, chrestomathie et vocabulaire. 4th edition. Beyrouth.
- Mattar, Nabil. 1990. A Study in Bohairic Coptic. Pasadena: Hope Publishing House.
- Polotsky, Hans Jakob. 1987. Grundlagen des koptischen Satzbaus. American Studies in Papyrology 28. Decatur, Ga.: Scholars Press.
- Plumley, J. Martin. 1948. An Introductory Coptic Grammar (Sahidic Dialect) Архівавана 29 сакавіка 2014.. London: Home & van Thal.
- Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 1988. Coptic Grammatical Chrestomathy: a course for academic and private study. Orientalia lovaniensia analecta 30. Leuven: Peeters.
- Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 1986. Coptic Grammatical Categories: Structural Studies in the Syntax of Shenoutean Sahidic. Analecta Orientalia 53. Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. ISBN 88-7653-255-2.
- Shisha-Halevy, Ariel. 2007. Topics in Coptic Syntax: Structural Studies in the Bohairic Dialect. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 160. Leuven — Paris — Dudley, MA: Peeters. ISBN 978-90-429-1875-7.
- Till, Walter C. 1994. Koptische Dialektgrammatik. Berlin: Walter De Gruyter.
- Vergote, Jozef. 1973—1983. Grammaire copte. Leuven: Peeters.
- Younan, Sameh. 2005. So, you want to learn Coptic? A guide to Bohairic Grammar. Sydney: St.Mary, St.Bakhomious and St.Shenouda Coptic Orthodox Church.
- Henry Tattam, A compendious grammar of the Egyptian language as contained in the Coptic, Sahidic, and Bashmuric Dialects (London 1863)
Фаналогія
- Depuydt, Leo. 1993. «On Coptic Sounds.» Orientalia 62 (new series): 338—375.
- Loprieno, Antonio. 1997. «Egyptian and Coptic Phonology». In Phonologies of Asia and Africa (Including the Caucasus), edited by Alan S. Kaye. Vol. 1 of 2 vols. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. 431—460.
- Peust, Carsten. 1999. Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language. (Monographien zur ägyptischen Sprache; 2). Göttingen: Peust & Gutschmidt.
Слоўнікі
- Černý, Jaroslav. 1976. Coptic Etymological Dictionary. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Crum, Walter Ewing. 1939. A Coptic Dictionary Архівавана 23 красавіка 2014.. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- : Lehrbuch des Koptischen.Teil I:Koptische Grammatik.Teil II:Koptische Lesestücke, Graz 1974.
- : Der koptische Heiligenkalender. Deutsch — Koptisch — Arabisch nach den besten Quellen neu bearbeitet und vollständig herausgegeben mit Index Sanctorum koptischer Heiliger, Index der Namen auf Koptisch, Koptische Patriarchenliste, Geografische Liste. Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-9524018-4-2.
- : Schenute von Atripe De judicio finale. Papyruskodex 63000.IV im Museo Egizio di Torino. Einleitung, Textbearbeitung und Übersetzung herausgegeben von Wolfgang Kosack. Christoph Brunner, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-9524018-5-9.
- : Koptisches Handlexikon des Bohairischen. Koptisch — Deutsch — Arabisch. Verlag Christoph Brunner, Basel 2013, ISBN 978-3-9524018-9-7.
- Vycichl, Werner. 1983. Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue copte. Leuven: Éditions Peeters.
- Westendorf, Wolfhart. 1965/1977. Koptisches Handwörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter.
Бібліяграфіі
- Kammerer, Winifred (compiler), A Coptic Bibliography, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1950. (Reprint New York: Kraus Reprint Co., 1969)
Спасылкі
- Копцкі слоўнік Архівавана 2 кастрычніка 2010.
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Ko pckaya mo va mova koptay aposhnyaya pradstaynica egipeckaj syam i yakaya yvahodzic u afrazijskuyu makrasyam yu Z yaylyaecca aposhnyaj prystupkaj razviccya starazhytnaegipeckaj movy yakaya ahoplivae prykladna dzve tysyachy gadoy Vykarystoyvae ulasny alfavit na asnove grechaskaj sistemy pisma Adnu z pershyh gramatyk kopckaj movy sklay nyamecki vuchony ezuit A Kirher Prodromus copticus 1636 Kopckaya movaSamanazva Ⲙⲉⲧⲣⲉⲙ ⲛⲭⲏⲙⲓ met remenkʰimi Krainy Rymski i Arabski EgipetArganizacyya yakaya regulyue Institute of Coptology d Agulnaya kolkasc nosbitay 0 chal 2021 Status myortvaya u nashy dni yakVymerla XVII st u kopckaj carkvy vykarystoyvaecca pa nashy dniKlasifikacyyaKategoryyaAfrazijskaya makrasyam ya Egipeckaya syam yaPismennasc kopcki alfavitMoynyya kodyDAST 7 75 97 kop 328ISO 639 1 ISO 639 2 copISO 639 3 copcop8Ethnologue copLinguasphere 11 AIETF copGlottolog copt1239Nadpis na kopckaj i arabskaj movah u KairyGistoryyaSklalasya na asnove dematychnaj egipeckaj y I II stst n e da 5 st suisnavala z aposhnyaj Zapisvalasya spachatku dematychnym i grechaskim pismom na ih asnove k pach IV st sklalasya kopckaya pismennasc Yak pismovaya mova suisnavala spachatku z grechaskaj a z VII st z arabskaj movaj da XIV st Chas kanchatkovaga zniknennya y yakasci pershaj movy nevyadomy magchyma u nekatoryh sem yah zahoyvaecca i zaraz Vykarystoyvaecca yak kultavaya mova y kopckim abradze Akramya tago z kanca XX stagoddzya naziraecca nekatoraya cikavasc u adradzhenni kopckaj movy yak gutarkovaj syarod kopckih aktyvistay LitaraturaBE y 18 tamah T 8 Mn 1999 S 414 415 Emmel Stephen 1992 Languages Coptic In The Anchor Bible Dictionary edited by David Noel Freedman Vol 4 of 6 vols New York Doubleday 180 188 Gessman A M 1976 The Birth of the Coptic Script University of South Florida Language Quarterly 14 2 3 Gignac Francis Thomas 1991 Old Coptic In The Coptic Encyclopedia edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya Vol 8 of 8 vols New York and Toronto Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada 169 188 Kasser Radolphe 1991 Dialects In edited by Aziz Suryal Atiya Vol 8 of 8 vols New York and Toronto Macmillian Publishing Company and Collier Macmillian Canada 87 96 Loprieno Antonio 1995 Ancient Egyptian A Linguistic Introduction Cambridge Cambridge University Press Polotsky Hans Jakob 1971 Coptic In Afroasiatic A Survey edited by Carleton Taylor Hodge Jana Linguarum Series Practica 163 s Gravenhage and Paris Mouton 67 79 Gramatyki Chaine Marius 1933 Elements de grammaire dialectale copte bohairique sahidique achmimique fayoumique Paris Paul Geuthner Eberle Andrea amp Regine Schulz 2004 Koptisch Ein Leitfaden durch das Saidische LINCOM Languages of the World Materials 07 Munich LINCOM Europa Lambdin Thomas Oden 1983 Introduction to Sahidic Coptic Macon Mercer University Press Layton Bentley 2000 A Coptic Grammar Sahidic Dialect With a Chrestomathy and Glossary Porta linguarum orientalium N S 20 Wiesbaden Harrassowitz Mallon Alexis 1956 Grammaire copte bibliographie chrestomathie et vocabulaire 4th edition Beyrouth Mattar Nabil 1990 A Study in Bohairic Coptic Pasadena Hope Publishing House Polotsky Hans Jakob 1987 Grundlagen des koptischen Satzbaus American Studies in Papyrology 28 Decatur Ga Scholars Press Plumley J Martin 1948 An Introductory Coptic Grammar Sahidic Dialect Arhivavana 29 sakavika 2014 London Home amp van Thal Shisha Halevy Ariel 1988 Coptic Grammatical Chrestomathy a course for academic and private study Orientalia lovaniensia analecta 30 Leuven Peeters Shisha Halevy Ariel 1986 Coptic Grammatical Categories Structural Studies in the Syntax of Shenoutean Sahidic Analecta Orientalia 53 Roma Pontificium Institutum Biblicum ISBN 88 7653 255 2 Shisha Halevy Ariel 2007 Topics in Coptic Syntax Structural Studies in the Bohairic Dialect Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 160 Leuven Paris Dudley MA Peeters ISBN 978 90 429 1875 7 Till Walter C 1994 Koptische Dialektgrammatik Berlin Walter De Gruyter Vergote Jozef 1973 1983 Grammaire copte Leuven Peeters Younan Sameh 2005 So you want to learn Coptic A guide to Bohairic Grammar Sydney St Mary St Bakhomious and St Shenouda Coptic Orthodox Church Henry Tattam A compendious grammar of the Egyptian language as contained in the Coptic Sahidic and Bashmuric Dialects London 1863 Fanalogiya Depuydt Leo 1993 On Coptic Sounds Orientalia 62 new series 338 375 Loprieno Antonio 1997 Egyptian and Coptic Phonology In Phonologies of Asia and Africa Including the Caucasus edited by Alan S Kaye Vol 1 of 2 vols Winona Lake Eisenbrauns 431 460 Peust Carsten 1999 Egyptian Phonology An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language Monographien zur agyptischen Sprache 2 Gottingen Peust amp Gutschmidt Sloyniki Cerny Jaroslav 1976 Coptic Etymological Dictionary Cambridge and New York Cambridge University Press Crum Walter Ewing 1939 A Coptic DictionaryArhivavana 23 krasavika 2014 Oxford Clarendon Press Lehrbuch des Koptischen Teil I Koptische Grammatik Teil II Koptische Lesestucke Graz 1974 Der koptische Heiligenkalender Deutsch Koptisch Arabisch nach den besten Quellen neu bearbeitet und vollstandig herausgegeben mit Index Sanctorum koptischer Heiliger Index der Namen auf Koptisch Koptische Patriarchenliste Geografische Liste Christoph Brunner Berlin 2012 ISBN 978 3 9524018 4 2 Schenute von Atripe De judicio finale Papyruskodex 63000 IV im Museo Egizio di Torino Einleitung Textbearbeitung und Ubersetzung herausgegeben von Wolfgang Kosack Christoph Brunner Berlin 2013 ISBN 978 3 9524018 5 9 Koptisches Handlexikon des Bohairischen Koptisch Deutsch Arabisch Verlag Christoph Brunner Basel 2013 ISBN 978 3 9524018 9 7 Vycichl Werner 1983 Dictionnaire etymologique de la langue copte Leuven Editions Peeters Westendorf Wolfhart 1965 1977 Koptisches Handworterbuch Heidelberg Carl Winter Bibliyagrafii Kammerer Winifred compiler A Coptic Bibliography Ann Arbor University of Michigan Press 1950 Reprint New York Kraus Reprint Co 1969 SpasylkiWikimedia Incubator U Inkubatary Wikimedia yosc testavy razdzel Vikipedyi na kopckaj move Lagatyp Vikisloyniki U Vikisloyniku spis sloy koptskogo yazyka zmyashchaecca y kategoryi Kopckaya mova Kopcki sloynik Arhivavana 2 kastrychnika 2010